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Market Summary by AFORTI: USA agreements with China and Saudi Arabia, macroeconomic data from Poland, impact of elections on the zloty

2025-05-19

Economic indicators

Poland

1. current account balance (EUR) (March): value -1.419M; forecast 101M; previously -220M;

2. CPI (m/m) (Apr): value 0.4%; forecast 0.4%; previously 0.2%;

3. CPI (y/y) (Apr): 4.3%; forecast 4.2%; previously 4.9%; 

4. GDP (k/k) (Q1) P: value 0.7%; forecast none; previously 1.4%; 

5. GDP (y/y) (Q1): value 3.2%; forecast none; previously 3.4%; 

6. core CPI (y/y) (Apr): value 3.4%; forecast 3.5%; previously 3.6%; 

7. Thomson Reuters IPSOS PCSI (m/m) (May): value 47.26; forecast none; previously 47.31; 


Eurozone

1. ZEW index of current economic conditions in Germany (May): value -82.0; forecast -77.0; previously -81.2;    

2. ZEW Economic Sentiment in Germany (May): value 25.2; forecast 10.7; previously -14.0;

3. ZEW Index (May): value 11.6; forecast -3.5; previously -18.5;

4. German balance of payments current account, not seasonally adjusted (March): value 34.1B; forecast none; previously 26.2B; 

5. GDP (k/k) (Q1) P: value 0.3%; forecast 0.4%; previously 0.2%;

6. industrial production (m/m) (Mar): 2.6%; Forecast: 1.9%; Previous: 1,1%.


Germany

1. ZEW index of current economic conditions (May): -82.0; Forecast: -77.0; Previous: -81,2;

2. ZEW Economic Sentiment (May): 25.2; Forecast: 10.7; Previous: -14,0;

3. ZEW Index (May): 11.6; Forecast: -3.5; Previous: -18,5;

4. balance of payments current account (March): 34.1B; Forecast: Nil; Previous: 26,2B;

5. CPI (m/m) (April): 0.4%; Forecast: 0.3%; Previous: 0.4;

6. CPI (y/y) (Apr): 2.1%; Forecast: 2.2%; Previous: 2,1%. 


France

1. France CPI (m/m) (Apr): 0.6%; Forecast: 0.5%; Previous: 0.2%;   

2. France CPI (y/y) (Apr): value 0.8%; forecast 0.8%; previously 0.8%;

3. France HICP (m/m) (Apr): value 0.7%; forecast 0.6%; previously 0.2%;

4. inflation (y/y) (Apr): 0.80%; Forecast: 0.70%; Previous: 0.70%;

5. unemployment rate (Q1): 7.4%; Forecast: 7.4%; Previous: 7,3%;

6. Thomson Reuters IPSOS PCSI in France (May): 41.95; Forecast: Nil; Previous: 42,33.


United Kingdom

1. BRC retail sales index (y/y) (April): value 6.8%; Forecast: 2.4%; Previous: 0.9%;   

2. Average wages, including bonuses (March): value 5.5%; forecast 5.2%; previously 5.7%;   

3. Unemployment rate (March): value 4.5%; forecast 4.5%; previously 4.4%; 

4. Business investment (k/k) (Q1) P: value 5.9%; forecast 0.4%; previously -1.9%;

5. GDP (y/y) (Q1) P: value 1.3%; forecast 1.2%; previously 1.5%; [cite: 4, 5].


USA

1. Federal budget balance (Apr): value $258.0B; forecast $256.4B; previous -161.0B;   

2. Core CPI (m/m) (Apr): value 0.2%; forecast 0.3%; prior 0.1%;   

3. Core CPI (y/y) (Apr): value 2.8%; forecast 2.8%; previously 2.8%;   

4. CPI (m/m) (Apr): value 0.2%; forecast 0.3%; previously -0.1%;   

5. CPI (y/y) (Apr): -2.3%; forecast 2.4%; previously 2.4%;    

6. Real income (m/m) (Apr): value -0.1%; forecast none; previously 0.6%;   

7. API weekly crude oil shares: value 4.287M; forecast -4.490M; previous -2.400M;   

8. MBA mortgage applications (t/t): value 1.1%; forecast 11.0%; previous value missing. ; 

9. crude oil stocks: 3.454M; Forecast: -2.000M; Previous: -2,032M;   

10. core PPI (m/m) (Apr): -0.4%; Forecast: 0.3%; Previous: 0.4%.


China

1. M2 money stock (y/y) (Apr): 8.0%; Forecast: 7.0%; Previous: 7.2%;    

2. New loans (Apr): value $280.0B; forecast $3,640.0B; previous $710.0B;    

3. Growth in outstanding debt (y/y) (Apr): value 7.2%; forecast 7.4%; previously 7.4%;    

4. Total Social Financing (Apr): value $1,160.0B; forecast $5,890.0B; previously $1,220.0B;    

5. Thomson Reuters IPSOS China PCSI (May): value 70.39; forecast none; previous 72.91.


Foreign exchange market

This week, the euro (EUR) strengthened against the zloty (PLN) by 0.85%. The euro price fell by 0.91%, oscillating in the range of 4.2262 - 4.2696.

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The dollar (USD) also strengthened against the zloty (PLN) by 1.62%. The dollar price oscillated between 3.7612 and 3.8326.

ON37CJ+3OIbOnTubRYsW+VnpUqgu+EF+xx13pPtXuD2QLpWvS5JhtQFYHCqqQCGEEEIIIYQQQogDD6sNwOKgAoUQQgghhBBCCCGKgtUGYHFQgUIIIYQQQgghhBBFwWoDsDioQCGEEEIIIYQQQoiiYLUBWBxUoBBCCCGEEEIIIURRsNoALA4qUAghhBBCCCGEEKIoWG0AFgcVKIQQQgghhBBCCFEUrDYAi4MKFEIIIYQQQgghhCgKVhuAxUEFCiGEEEIIIYQQQhQFqw3A4qAChRBCCCGEEEIIIYqC1QZgcVCBQgghhBBCCCGEEEXBagOwOKhAIYQQQgghhBBCiKJgtQFYHFSgEEIIIYQQQgghRFGw2gAsDipQCCGEEEIIIYQQoihYbQAWBxUohBBCCCGEEEIIURSsNgCLgwoUQgghhBBCCCGEKApWG4DFQQUKIYQQQgghhBBCFAWrDcDioAKFEEIIIYQQQgghioLVBmBxUIFCCCGEEEIIIYQQRcFqA7A4qEAhhBBCCCGEEEKIomC1AVgcVKAQQgghhBBCCCFEUbDaACwOKlAIIYQQQgghhBCiKFhtABYHFSiEEEIIIYQQQghRFKw2AIuDChRCCCGEEEIIIYQoClYbgMVBBQohhBBCCCGEEEIUBasNwOKgAoUQQgghhBBCCCGKgtUGYHFQgUIIIYQQQgghhBBFwWoDsNIx5v8Ddbt6C+F5VZ4AAAAASUVORK5CYII=  

Oil and gold market

The price of BRENT crude oil rose by 2.28%, and oscillated in the range of USD 63.52 - 66.80/barrel. 

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The gold price fell by 3.70% and settled in a range of USD 3129.20 - 3295.09/ounce.

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Stock market

The valuation of the WIG index increased by 6.20% and oscillated in the range of 97 125 - 105 303.

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Cryptocurrencies

The price of Bitcoin (BTC) increased by 2.60%, oscillating in the range of PLN 381 606 - 396 100.

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Important events of the past week

USA-China agreement: the USA and China announced a temporary reduction in mutual tariffs, setting a three-month period for themselves to reach a lasting trade agreement. This news was met with an immediate positive reaction from the markets, reflected in increases on Asian and European stock exchanges, a strengthening of the dollar, a rise in USA bond yields and an appreciation of the yuan. The deal prompted analysts to reassess their forecasts, reducing fears of a recession in the USA economy. As a result, Barclays Bank has revised its USA growth forecasts upwards and now expects the world's largest economy to avoid recession later in the year.

Polish macroeconomic data: the National Bank of Poland published March balance of payments data, which revealed a significant current account deficit of EUR 1.4 billion and a negative merchandise trade balance of EUR 1.9 billion; despite this unfavourable news, the zloty appreciated, which analysts attribute to the perception of the data as a one-off incident and greater investor focus on the Monetary Policy Council's conservative stance and global calm.  In addition, the final CPI inflation reading for April came in at 4.3 per cent year-on-year, exceeding both the preliminary estimate and forecasts by 0.1 percentage points; this higher-than-expected inflation reinforces the arguments of some MPC members for a less aggressive interest rate cut cycle.

USA-Saudi Arabia agreement: During a recent visit to the region, USA President Donald Trump reached a significant agreement with Saudi Arabia. Among other things, the parties signed a $142 billion USA arms deal, which the White House described as the largest arms deal in history. Saudi investment in the USA economy is expected to total $600 billion. This visit and the accompanying agreements signal a new USA approach to the Middle East, emphasising economic cooperation. In addition, talks on arms purchases raised the potential sale of F-35 fighter jets, of which Israel has so far been the only user in the region.

Russia-Ukraine talks: direct talks between Russian and Ukrainian delegations took place in Istanbul last week, the first in three years. Despite a potential breakthrough, the meeting ended with vague declarations and no significant results. The composition of the Russian delegation, including Putin's advisor Vladimir Medinsky, Deputy Foreign Minister Mikhail Galuzin and Deputy Defence Minister Alexander Fomin, indicated a lack of serious negotiating intentions on the part of the Kremlin. Nevertheless, a small gesture of goodwill was achieved, agreeing, among other things, the terms of an extensive exchange of prisoners of war.


Events worth watching this week

Election impact on the zloty: Poland's upcoming presidential election could significantly affect the zloty's exchange rate due to its potential political and economic implications, crucial for foreign investors. Goldman Sachs analysts and other commentators suggest that a victory by Rafał Trzaskowski of the Civic Coalition would signal a strengthening of the zloty, strengthening the current coalition, unlocking EU funds and improving relations with the EU. Such an outcome could also favour a softer NBP monetary policy. In contrast, a weaker Trzaskowski result could put pressure on the zloty and weaken it, increasing the political risk premium and potentially leading to a more hawkish market reaction on interest rates. The ultimate impact of the election will also depend on the results of the second round. Nevertheless, the zloty's exchange rate is also influenced by domestic monetary and fiscal policy and global factors, which have historically had a greater impact on the valuation of the Polish currency than the presidential election results themselves.

Data reading on Thursday: A range of macroeconomic data will be published on Thursday between 9:30 and 10:30am, which will influence currency pricing. These include, among others, a reading of industrial production in Poland and PMIs for services and manufacturing from the Eurozone, Germany and the UK. Current forecasts point to a slight improvement in these indicators, so a significant difference between the forecast and the actual reading at the time of publication could result in high volatility for the zloty, euro and pound.

TREASURY DEPARTMENT

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