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Market Summary by AFORTI: Interest rate cuts, US labour market data and historic weakening of the dollar

2025-07-07

Last week on the financial markets was characterised by interest rate cuts in Poland and a historic weakening of the dollar. President Donald Trump announced the introduction of new tariffs on goods exported to the USA, which are to come into force on 1 August. The euro maintained its value against the zloty, while the dollar weakened. The prices of BRENT crude oil, gold, the WIG index and Bitcoin rose.


Economic indicators

Poland:

1.  CPI (m/m) p: value 0.1%; forecast 0.1%; previously -0.2%;

2.  CPI (y/y): value 4.1%; forecast 4.0%; previously 4.0%;

3.  PMI index for industry (June): value 44.80; previously 47.10;

4.  Interest rate decision (July): value 5.00%; forecast 5.25%; previously 5.25%;


Eurozone:

1.  Core CPI (y/y) P: value 2.3%; forecast 2.3%; previously 2.3%;

2. ISM manufacturing index (June): value 49.0%; forecast 48.8%; previous 48.5%;

3. PMI manufacturing index (June): value 49.5; forecast 49.4; previous 49.4;

4.  Unemployment rate (May): forecast 6.2%; previous 6.2%;

5.  PMI index for services (June): value 50.5; forecast 50.0; previous 49.7;

6.  HICP index, excluding energy and food (y/y) P: value 2.4%; previous 2.4%;


Germany:

1.  PMI index for industry (June): value 49.0; forecast 49.0; previous 48.3;

2.  Change in unemployment in Germany (June): value 11K; forecast 18K; previously 33K;

3.  Unemployment rate in Germany (June): value 6.3%; forecast 6.4%; previously 6.3%;

4.  CPI index in Germany (m/m) p: value 0.0%; forecast 0.2%; previously 0.1%;

5.  CPI index in Germany (y/y) (June)P: value 2.0%; forecast 2.2%; previously 2.1%;

6.  PMI index for services in Germany (June): value 49.7; forecast 49.4; previous 47.1;


France:

1.  PMI index for industry in France (June): value 48.1; forecast 47.8; previous 49.8;

2.  PMI index for services in France (June): value 49.6; forecast 48.7; previous 48.9;

3.  S&P Global composite PMI index in France (June): value 49.2; forecast 48.5; previous 49.3;


United Kingdom:

1. GDP (y/y) (Q1): value 1.3%; forecast 1.3%; previous 1.5%;

2. GDP (q/q) (Q1): value 0.7%; forecast 0.7%; previously 0.1%;

3. Composite PMI (June): value 52.0; forecast 50.7; previously 50.3;

4.  PMI index for services (June): value 52.8; forecast 51.3; previously 50.9;

5.  Current account (Q1): value -23.5B; forecast -19.7B; previously -21.0B;

6.  Nationwide House Price Index (HPI) (y/y) (June): value 2.1%; forecast 3.3%; previous 3.5%;


USA:

1.  PMI index for industry (June): value 52.9; forecast 52.0; previously 52.0;

2.  ISM index for industry (June): value 49.0; forecast 48.8; previously 48.5;

3.  Job Openings and Labour Turnover Survey (JOLTS) - USA (May): value 7.769M; forecast 7.320M; previous 7.395M;

4. Average hourly earnings (m/m) (June): value 0.2%; forecast 0.3%; previous 0.4%;

5. Initial jobless claims: value 233K; forecast 240K; previous 237K;

6.  Nonfarm payrolls (June): actual 147K; forecast 111K; previous 144K;

7.  Unemployment rate (June): actual 4.1%; forecast 4.3%; previous 4.2%;

8.  PMI index for services (June): value 52.9; forecast 53.1; previous 53.1;

9.  ISM index for services (June): value 50.8; forecast 50.8; previous 49.9;

10. Service revenue according to the Dallas Fed (June): value -4.1; previous -4.7;


China:

1.  PMI index for industry (June): value 49.7; forecast 49.6; previous 49.5;

2. Caixin manufacturing PMI (month-on-month) (June): value 50.4; forecast 49.2; previous 48.3;

3.  Caixin Services PMI (June): actual 50.6; forecast 51.0; previous 51.1;


Currency market

This week, the euro (EUR) maintained its value against the Polish zloty (PLN) despite the interest rate cut. The euro price fluctuated between 4.2364 and 4.2674.

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The dollar (USD), on the other hand, weakened against the zloty (PLN) by 0.50%, falling below 3.60. The dollar price fluctuated between 3.5845 and 3.6300.

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Oil and gold market

The price of BRENT crude oil rose by 3.16%. The price fluctuated between 65.97 and 69.16 USD/barrel. 

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Similarly, gold rose by 1.83%. The price of gold fluctuated between USD 3,265.75 and USD 3,375.85 per ounce. 

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Stock Exchange

The WIG index recorded another increase of 1.75%. The value of the WIG index fluctuated between 103,968 and 106,387. 

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Cryptocurrencies

The price of Bitcoin (BTC) rose by 1.00%. The price of Bitcoin fluctuated between PLN 376,010 and PLN 394,500.

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Important events of the past week

Interest rate cut: The Monetary Policy Council (RPP) unexpectedly cut the NBP's main interest rate by 25 basis points to 5%. NBP President Adam Glapiński emphasised that this is not the beginning of a cycle of monetary policy easing, but did not rule out further cuts in September. The conditions for this are positive macroeconomic data and the maintenance of frozen electricity prices. The rationale for this decision is lower forecast inflation. The new NBP projection indicates that CPI inflation is expected to remain within the acceptable range of deviation from the inflation target (2.5% +/- 1 percentage point) from July until the end of the projection period. Nevertheless, the NBP president warned that inflation may rise in the coming quarters after energy prices are unfrozen and due to the introduction of the ETS2 system, which may increase inflation by up to 2 percentage points in 2027. After the interest rate cut, the zloty depreciated against most major currencies, but returned to its previous levels the following day. 

US labour market: June data from the US labour market was mixed but generally positive. Non-farm payrolls rose by 147,000, significantly exceeding expectations. At the same time, the unemployment rate fell surprisingly to 4.1%, and the number of jobless claims was lower than forecast. Despite these positive signals, the ADP report showed that employment in the US private sector unexpectedly fell by 33,000 in June, the first negative result in over two years. This caused a significant movement in the valuation of the dollar, which rose by about 2 pence in 5 minutes, but returned to its previous valuation after 2 hours. Overall, good labour market data has led the market to almost unanimously assume that the Fed will not change interest rates in July, and the chances of a cut in September are diminishing.

Trump's tariffs: President Donald Trump announced that he had signed letters to twelve countries setting new tariff levels on goods exported to the USA as part of the global trade war being waged by the United States. He had previously announced the introduction of a basic tariff rate of 10%, with additional charges of up to 50% and the potential for an increase to 70%. Most of these changes are set to take effect on 1 August, after the tariff suspension period ends. After unsuccessful negotiations with key partners such as Japan and the European Union, Trump changed his tactics to simply sending letters with the agreed rates. The agreement with Vietnam, introducing a 20% tariff on exports to the USA and 40% on transit goods, is a wake-up call for the rest of the world and may become a model for future trade relations between the USA and other countries, such as the EU and Japan.

Historic weakening of the dollar: The US dollar has had its worst start to the year in more than half a century, weakening by more than 10% over the past six months against a basket of major currencies. The last time such a significant weakening occurred at the beginning of the year was in 1973, after the dollar was decoupled from gold, which shows the scale of the current event. The current depreciation is the result of a combination of factors, such as President Trump's aggressive tariff policy, inflation concerns and rising public debt. A weaker dollar means that foreign travel is more expensive for Americans and investing in the USA becomes less attractive to foreign investors, which affects capital inflows while reducing real returns from the US stock market for investors outside the dollar zone.


Events worth watching this week

German CPI: The euro may be affected by German CPI data to be released on Thursday. The consensus forecast for June points to CPI inflation of 2.0% y/y and HICP of 2.0% y/y. If actual inflation data turns out to be higher than forecasts, it could strengthen market expectations for a more restrictive monetary policy by the European Central Bank, leading to a strengthening of the euro. On the other hand, lower inflation could suggest that the ECB has more room to ease policy, which could weaken the single currency.

Escalation of the trade war: The introduction of new tariffs by Donald Trump could significantly affect the currency market, mainly by increasing uncertainty and changing trade dynamics. Tariffs often provoke retaliatory responses from other countries, which can lead to global trade wars and supply chain disruptions. Such a scenario encourages capital flight to safe havens, which could weaken the US dollar and strengthen currencies such as the Swiss franc and the Japanese yen. Aggressive tariff policies in the USA, combined with concerns about inflation and rising public debt, have already contributed to the weakening of the dollar. A weaker dollar means more expensive travel for Americans and less attractive investment in the USA for foreign investors.

TREASURY DEPARTMENT

AFORTI.BIZ

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