Aforti Exchange

Market summary by AFORTI: Government reshuffle, interest rates unchanged, trade tensions, Fed decision

2025-07-28

Last week on the financial markets saw a government reshuffle in Poland and the European Central Bank maintaining interest rates. In addition, tensions in international trade continue, with the prospect of retaliatory tariffs being introduced by the European Union. The euro maintained its value against the zloty, while the dollar weakened against the Polish currency. The price of Brent crude oil and gold fell. The WIG index maintained its value, while the price of Bitcoin fell.


Economic indicators

Poland

1. Corporate sector wages (y/y) (June): value 9.0%; forecast 8.4%; previously 8.6%;

2. Employment growth (y/y) (June): value -0.8%; forecast -0.8%; previously -0.8%;

3. Industrial production (y/y) (June): actual -0.1%; forecast 1.4%; previous 4.0%;

4. PPI (y/y) (June): actual -1.8%; forecast -1.7%; previous -1.5%;

5. Retail sales (y/y) (June): value 4.0%; forecast 4.3%; previous 2.1%;

6. M3 money supply (y/y) (June): value 10.3%; forecast 10.2%; previous 10.5%;

7. Unemployment rate (June): actual 5.2%; forecast 5.1%; previous 5.0%;


Eurozone

1. Deposit rate (July): actual 2.00%; forecast 2.00%; previous 2.00%;

2. Interest rate decision (July): value 2.15%; forecast 2.15%; previous 2.15%;

3. ECB marginal lending rate: value 2.40%; forecast none; previous 2.40%;

4. S&P Global Composite PMI (July) P: value 51.0; forecast 50.8; previous 50.6;

5. Manufacturing PMI (July) P: value 49.8; forecast 49.7; previous 49.5;

6. PMI index for services (July): value 51.2; forecast 50.6; previously 50.5;


Germany

1. PMI index for industry in Germany (July) P: value 49.2; forecast 49.4; previously 49.0;

2. PMI index for services in Germany (July) P: value 50.1; forecast 50.0; previously 49.7;

3. Business expectations in Germany (July): value 90.7; forecast 91.1; previously 90.6;

4. Current analysis of the situation in Germany (July): value 86.5; forecast 86.7; previous 86.2;

5. Ifo business climate index in Germany (July): value 88.6; forecast 89.0; previous 88.4;


France

1. PMI index for industry in France (July) P: value 48.4; forecast 48.5; previously 48.1;

2. PMI index for services in France (July) P: value 49.7; forecast 49.7; previously 49.6;


United Kingdom

1. Composite PMI (July) P: value 51.0; forecast 51.8; previously 52.0;

2. Core retail sales (y/y) (June): value 1.8%; forecast 2.0%; previously -1.2%;

3. Retail sales (y/y) (June): value 1.7%; forecast 1.8%; previous -1.1%;

4. Services PMI (July) P: value 51.2; forecast 52.8; previous 52.8%;

5. Core retail sales (m/m) (June): value 0.6%; forecast 1.2%; previous -2.9%;

6. Retail sales (m/m) (June): value 0.9%; forecast 1.2%; previous -2.8%;


USA

1. Existing home sales (June): value 3.93 million; forecast 4.00 million; previous 4.04 million;

2. Crude oil inventories: value -3.169 million; forecast -1.400 million; previous -3.859 million;

3. Initial jobless claims: value 217K; forecast 227K; previous 221K;

4. Manufacturing PMI (July) P: value 49.5; forecast 52.7; previous 52.9;

5. S&P Global Composite PMI (July) P: value 54.6; forecast none; previous 52.9;

6. Services PMI (July) P: value 55.2; forecast none; previous 52.9;

7. New home sales (June): actual 627K; forecast 649K; previous 623K;

8. Atlanta Fed GDPNow model (Q2) P: actual 2.4%; forecast 2.4%; previous 2.4%;

9. Number of drilling rigs according to Baker Hughes: value 415; forecast 421; previous 422;

10. Total number of drilling rigs in the US according to Baker Hughes: value 542; forecast none; previous 544;


China

1. PBoC base lending rate (July): actual 3.50%; forecast 3.50%; previous 3.50%;

2. Industrial profit in China, YTD (June): value -1.8%; forecast none; previously -1.1%;

3. PBoC base lending rate: value 3.00%; forecast 3.00%; previously 3.00%;


Currency market

This week, the euro (EUR) maintained its value against the Polish zloty (PLN) after gains in the middle of the week. The euro traded in a range of 4.2391 – 4.2581.

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The US dollar (USD), on the other hand, weakened against the Polish zloty (PLN) by 0.92%. The price of the dollar fluctuated between 3.6049 and 3.6525.

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Oil and gold market

The price of BRENT crude oil fell by 1.31%. The price fluctuated between USD 68.01 and USD 69.79 per barrel. 

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Similarly, gold fell by 0.53%. The price of gold fluctuated between USD 3,327.02 and USD 3,447.15 per ounce. 

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Stock exchange

The WIG index maintained its value. The price of the WIG index fluctuated between 106,976 and 108,712. 

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Cryptocurrencies

The price of Bitcoin (BTC) fell by 0.62%. The price of Bitcoin fluctuated between PLN 417,100 and PLN 434,549.

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Important events of the past week

Government reshuffle: The past week in Poland was marked by a government reshuffle, which Prime Minister Donald Tusk announced on 23 July 2025. The cabinet was slimmed down from 26 to 21 ministries, with the key change being the creation of two new ‘super-ministries: economy and energy’ . The Ministry of Economy is now headed by the former Minister of Finance, Andrzej Domański, which is intended to ensure better coordination of fiscal policy, investments and the use of EU funds. In addition, the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Radosław Sikorski, was appointed deputy prime minister. These changes are aimed at streamlining government operations and improving management efficiency.

Interest rate maintenance: In the eurozone, the European Central Bank kept all interest rates unchanged, in line with market expectations. ECB President Christine Lagarde confirmed that the bank is in a good position, as projections indicate that inflation will stabilise at 2%. However, Lagarde noted that the bank is not committing to a predetermined path for rates, maintaining flexibility, and that risks to economic growth remain tilted to the downside, mainly due to geopolitical and trade tensions. In response to her comments, markets revised the likelihood of a September rate cut, and eurozone bond yields rose.

Trade tensions: Global trade relations remain tense. EU member states have approved the possibility of imposing retaliatory tariffs on goods worth a total of €93 billion. This decision will take effect if no trade agreement is reached with Donald Trump's administration by 1 August. The proposed tariff packages would hit the US agricultural sector and luxury goods (€21 billion), as well as directly hitting the industrial heartland of America, including tobacco, alcohol, steel, aluminium, aircraft and cars (€72 billion). This move is a response to ongoing trade uncertainty and an attempt to put pressure on the USA.

Economic data from Poland: The past week brought mixed and, in some cases, disappointing data from the Polish economy for June. Industrial production unexpectedly fell by 0.1% year-on-year, and retail sales grew less than expected (2.2% y/y). Nevertheless, wages in the enterprise sector accelerated to 9% year-on-year, which, despite the slowdown in wage pressure, is expected to improve the purchasing power of households. Interestingly, the rise in the unemployment rate to 5.2% in June was not due to a deterioration in the economic situation, but to regulatory changes in the labour market law, which broadened the definition of an unemployed person. In the longer term, the recovery in the eurozone and the inflow of funds from the National Reconstruction Plan are seen as key to future economic improvement and a rebound in domestic industry.


Events worth watching this week

Fed decision and Powell conference: On Wednesday, 30 July, the US central bank, known as the Federal Reserve (Fed), will announce its decision on whether to raise, lower or maintain the cost of borrowing money, i.e. interest rates. Following the announcement of this decision, there will be a meeting with Fed Chairman Jerome Powell, who will explain their plans for the future. If the statements indicate that the Fed plans to maintain high borrowing costs or even increase them, the US dollar is likely to appreciate significantly. However, if they signal that they are ready for cuts or have no plans to raise rates, the dollar may lose value.

Preliminary inflation data: On Friday, 1 August, the European statistics office will release its first data on the rate of price increases in shops, i.e. inflation, for July for countries using the euro. This reading is very important because it shows how fast prices are rising and how this may affect the European Central Bank's (ECB) interest rate decisions. If inflation turns out to be higher than expected, it may cause the ECB to delay interest rate cuts, which could strengthen the euro. On the other hand, lower inflation data may suggest that prices are rising more slowly, which could weaken the single currency.

TREASURY DEPARTMENT

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